hermes-agent/website/docs/user-guide/skills/optional/mlops/mlops-hermes-atropos-environments.md

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Hermes Atropos Environments — Build, test, and debug Hermes Agent RL environments for Atropos training	Hermes Atropos Environments	Build, test, and debug Hermes Agent RL environments for Atropos training

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Hermes Atropos Environments

Build, test, and debug Hermes Agent RL environments for Atropos training. Covers the HermesAgentBaseEnv interface, reward functions, agent loop integration, evaluation with tools, wandb logging, and the three CLI modes (serve/process/evaluate). Use when creating, reviewing, or fixing RL environments in the hermes-agent repo.

Skill metadata

Source	Optional — install with hermes skills install official/mlops/hermes-atropos-environments
Path	optional-skills/mlops/hermes-atropos-environments
Version	1.1.0
Author	Hermes Agent
License	MIT
Tags	atropos, rl, environments, training, reinforcement-learning, reward-functions
Related skills	axolotl, fine-tuning-with-trl, lm-evaluation-harness

Reference: full SKILL.md

:::info The following is the complete skill definition that Hermes loads when this skill is triggered. This is what the agent sees as instructions when the skill is active. :::

Hermes Agent Atropos Environments

Guide for building RL environments in the hermes-agent repo that integrate with the Atropos training framework.

Architecture Overview

Atropos BaseEnv (atroposlib/envs/base.py)
    └── HermesAgentBaseEnv (environments/hermes_base_env.py)
            ├── Handles agent loop orchestration
            ├── Handles tool resolution per group
            ├── Handles ToolContext for reward verification
            └── YOUR ENVIRONMENT (environments/your_env.py)
                    Only implements: setup, get_next_item, format_prompt,
                                    compute_reward, evaluate, wandb_log

Hermes environments are special because they run a multi-turn agent loop with tool calling — not just single-turn completions. The base env handles the loop; you implement the task and scoring.

File Locations

File	Purpose
environments/hermes_base_env.py	Base class with agent loop + tool resolution
environments/agent_loop.py	HermesAgentLoop + AgentResult dataclass
environments/tool_context.py	ToolContext for reward verification
environments/tool_call_parsers.py	Phase 2 tool call parsers (hermes, mistral, etc.)
environments/your_env.py	Your environment implementation

Inference Setup — Ask the User First

IMPORTANT: Before running any test, evaluation, or data generation command, always ask the user how they want to handle inference. Do NOT assume OpenRouter or any specific endpoint. Present these options:

1. OpenRouter — Ask which model they want to use (e.g., anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5, google/gemini-2.5-pro, meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct, etc.). Requires OPENROUTER_API_KEY in environment.
2. Self-hosted VLLM endpoint — Ask for their base URL (e.g., http://localhost:8000/v1) and model name. Set --openai.server_type vllm.
3. Other OpenAI-compatible API — Ask for the base URL, model name, and any required API key. Set --openai.server_type openai and --openai.health_check false.
4. Local Atropos training server — For serve mode with a live training loop. Default http://localhost:8000/v1.

Once the user tells you their setup, use those values in all CLI commands for that session. Example prompts:

"Before I run this, how would you like to handle inference?

1. OpenRouter (I'll need your preferred model, e.g. claude-sonnet-4.5)
2. A self-hosted VLLM endpoint (give me the URL and model name)
3. Another OpenAI-compatible API (give me the URL, model, and any auth details)
4. Local Atropos training server (serve mode)"

Key flags by provider:

Provider	--openai.server_type	--openai.health_check	--openai.api_key
OpenRouter	openai	false	$OPENROUTER_API_KEY
VLLM (self-hosted)	vllm	(default)	(not needed)
Other OpenAI-compatible	openai	false	As needed
Local Atropos	(default)	(default)	(not needed)

Required Methods

1. setup() — Load dataset and initialize state

async def setup(self) -> None:
    """Called once at startup. Load datasets, initialize state."""
    # Try HuggingFace first, fallback to built-in samples
    try:
        from datasets import load_dataset
        ds = load_dataset("your/dataset", split="test")
        self._items = [...]
    except Exception:
        self._items = BUILTIN_SAMPLES

    # Always split into train/eval
    random.shuffle(self._items)
    eval_size = max(20, int(len(self._items) * 0.1))
    self._eval_items = self._items[:eval_size]
    self._items = self._items[eval_size:]

2. get_next_item() — Return next training item

async def get_next_item(self) -> dict:
    """Return next item, cycling through dataset."""
    item = self._items[self._index % len(self._items)]
    self._index += 1
    return item

3. format_prompt(item) — Convert item to user message

def format_prompt(self, item: dict) -> str:
    """Convert a dataset item into the user-facing prompt."""
    return f"Research this question: {item['question']}"

4. compute_reward(item, result, ctx) — Score the rollout

CRITICAL: result is an AgentResult, NOT a dict. It has these attributes:

• result.messages — List of message dicts (OpenAI format)
• result.turns_used — Number of LLM calls made
• result.finished_naturally — True if model stopped voluntarily
• result.tool_errors — List of ToolError objects

AgentResult does NOT have: final_response, tool_calls, tools_used. You must extract these from result.messages:

async def compute_reward(self, item, result: AgentResult, ctx: ToolContext) -> float:
    # Extract final response (last assistant message with content)
    final_response = ""
    tools_used = []
    for msg in reversed(result.messages):
        if msg.get("role") == "assistant" and msg.get("content") and not final_response:
            final_response = msg["content"]
        if msg.get("role") == "assistant" and msg.get("tool_calls"):
            for tc in msg["tool_calls"]:
                fn = tc.get("function", {}) if isinstance(tc, dict) else {}
                name = fn.get("name", "")
                if name:
                    tools_used.append(name)

    # Score using LLM judge, heuristic, or ToolContext verification
    correctness = await self._llm_judge(item, final_response)
    return correctness

ctx (ToolContext) gives you terminal/file access to the agent's sandbox for verification:

# Run tests in the agent's sandbox
result = ctx.terminal("pytest /workspace/test.py")
return 1.0 if result["exit_code"] == 0 else 0.0

5. evaluate() — Periodic evaluation with full agent loop

MUST use the full agent loop with tools, not single-turn chat_completion. The whole point of hermes-agent environments is agentic evaluation:

async def evaluate(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    import time, uuid
    from environments.agent_loop import HermesAgentLoop
    from environments.tool_context import ToolContext

    start_time = time.time()
    tools, valid_names = self._resolve_tools_for_group()
    samples = []

    for item in self._eval_items[:self.config.eval_size]:
        task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
        messages = []
        if self.config.system_prompt:
            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": self.config.system_prompt})
        messages.append({"role": "user", "content": self.format_prompt(item)})

        agent = HermesAgentLoop(
            server=self.server,
            tool_schemas=tools,
            valid_tool_names=valid_names,
            max_turns=self.config.max_agent_turns,
            task_id=task_id,
            temperature=0.0,  # Deterministic for eval
            max_tokens=self.config.max_token_length,
            extra_body=self.config.extra_body,
        )
        result = await agent.run(messages)

        ctx = ToolContext(task_id)
        try:
            reward = await self.compute_reward(item, result, ctx)
        finally:
            ctx.cleanup()

        samples.append({"prompt": ..., "response": ..., "reward": reward})

    eval_metrics = {"eval/mean_reward": ...}
    await self.evaluate_log(metrics=eval_metrics, samples=samples,
                            start_time=start_time, end_time=time.time())

6. wandb_log() — Custom metrics logging

Always call super().wandb_log() at the end:

async def wandb_log(self, wandb_metrics=None):
    if wandb_metrics is None:
        wandb_metrics = {}
    if self._reward_buffer:
        n = len(self._reward_buffer)
        wandb_metrics["train/mean_reward"] = sum(self._reward_buffer) / n
        self._reward_buffer.clear()
    await super().wandb_log(wandb_metrics)  # MUST call super

Pitfall: compute_reward appends to metric buffers. During eval, this pollutes training metrics. Roll back buffer entries added during eval.

Config Class

Always create a custom config subclass with Pydantic Field descriptors. Key inherited fields you can tune: enabled_toolsets, max_agent_turns, agent_temperature, system_prompt, terminal_backend, group_size, steps_per_eval, total_steps.

config_init() — Default Configuration

Classmethod returning (YourEnvConfig, [APIServerConfig(...)]). Set server_type to "openai" for OpenRouter/external APIs. Load API key from environment variable.

Three CLI Modes

# SERVE — Full training loop (connects to Atropos API server)
python environments/my_env.py serve --openai.base_url http://localhost:8000/v1

# PROCESS — Offline data generation (saves JSONL)
python environments/my_env.py process --env.total_steps 10 --env.group_size 1 \
    --env.use_wandb false --env.data_path_to_save_groups output.jsonl \
    --openai.base_url "<USER_BASE_URL>" \
    --openai.model_name "<USER_MODEL>" \
    --openai.server_type <USER_SERVER_TYPE> --openai.health_check false

# EVALUATE — Standalone eval (runs setup + evaluate only)
python environments/my_env.py evaluate --env.eval_size 20 \
    --env.data_dir_to_save_evals /tmp/eval_results \
    --openai.base_url "<USER_BASE_URL>" \
    --openai.model_name "<USER_MODEL>" \
    --openai.server_type <USER_SERVER_TYPE> --openai.health_check false

Config priority: CLI args > YAML file > config_init() defaults.

Common Pitfalls

1. AgentResult has .messages, not .final_response — Extract the final response by iterating reversed(result.messages) looking for the last assistant message with content.

2. evaluate() must use HermesAgentLoop, not chat_completion — Single-turn chat_completion has no tools. The whole point of hermes-agent benchmarks is agentic evaluation with tool use.

3. Don't call _llm_judge twice — If compute_reward already calls it, extract the score from the buffer instead of calling judge separately in evaluate().

4. Eval pollutes training buffers — compute_reward appends to metric buffers. During eval, roll back buffer entries to keep training metrics clean.

5. Always set health_check=false for OpenRouter — OpenRouter has no /health endpoint.

6. Set data_dir_to_save_evals in evaluate mode — Without it, results aren't saved.

7. default_toolsets class variable vs enabled_toolsets config — The class variable is a hint; the config field is what actually controls tool resolution.

8. Tool call parsing in messages — Tool calls are dicts with {"function": {"name": ..., "arguments": ...}}. Always check isinstance(tc, dict).

9. ToolContext.cleanup() — Always call in a finally block to release sandbox resources.

10. server_type must be "openai" for external APIs — Without it, Atropos assumes a local VLLM server.

11. Always ask the user for their inference setup — Never hardcode or assume a specific provider/model. See the "Inference Setup" section above.

Reward Function Patterns

LLM Judge (for open-ended tasks)

Use self.server.chat_completion() with a scoring prompt. Parse JSON response for score float. Always include a heuristic fallback (keyword overlap) for when the judge call fails.

Binary Verification (for code/terminal tasks)

Use ctx.terminal("pytest test.py -q") to run tests in the agent's sandbox. Return 1.0 for pass, 0.0 for fail.

Multi-Signal (combine multiple indicators)

Weight correctness (0.6) + tool usage (0.2) + efficiency (0.2) + optional bonuses. Clamp to [0, 1].

Testing Your Environment

1. Import test: python -c "from environments.my_env import MyEnv; print('OK')"
2. Ask the user for inference setup (see "Inference Setup" section above)
3. Process mode (1 item): Verify JSONL output has valid tokens, masks, scores
4. Evaluate mode: Verify full agent loop runs with tools, metrics logged correctly
5. Check reward range: Scores should be in [0, 1], not all identical

Minimum Implementation Checklist

class MyEnv(HermesAgentBaseEnv):
    name = "my-env"
    env_config_cls = MyEnvConfig

    @classmethod
    def config_init(cls): ...          # Default server + env config
    async def setup(self): ...         # Load dataset + train/eval split
    async def get_next_item(self): ... # Cycle through training items
    def format_prompt(self, item): ... # Item → user message string
    async def compute_reward(self, item, result, ctx): ...  # Score rollout
    async def evaluate(self, *args, **kwargs): ...  # Full agent loop eval
    async def wandb_log(self, metrics=None): ...    # Custom metrics + super()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    MyEnv.cli()